Researchers from the Physical Volcanology and Geological Risks Group at the University of Geneva are using Windsond S2 radiosondes equipped with integrated SO₂ sensors to investigate volcanic plumes at Etna, Stromboli (Italy), and Sakurajima (Japan) volcanoes. By combining atmospheric profiling with in-situ sulfur dioxide measurements, the team aims to characterize the spatial and temporal evolution of volcanic clouds, providing new insights into plume dynamics, gas dispersion, and atmospheric transport processes. The lightweight, balloon-borne system enables measurements directly within volcanic plumes, including environments that are difficult or hazardous to access with conventional approaches.
